3D Printing Filament

3D printing is used to manufacture prototypes, jigs, assembly fixtures, and other durable plastic parts. It is a particularly useful process for making low volume parts when design flexibility is desired and/or the part geometry does not lend itself to injection molding or machining.

FDM (fused deposition modeling) 3D printing involves feeding a spool of plastic filament into a heated die, where it is melted and extruded onto a build platform. Successive layers of plastic are deposited onto previously created layers to manufacture a three dimensional part. The part is then removed from the build platform. After printing, it can be sanded and painted as required.

Curbell Plastics supplies a number of different types of 3D printing filaments. Our basic filament materials (ABS, ASA, HIPS, PETG, PLA, and TPU) are used for light duty applications. Our engineering grade filaments (Nylon 6, Nylon 6/66, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nylon 6/66, Non-halogenated Flame Retardant Nylon 6/66, PET, and thermoplastic copolyester) are used for more demanding applications.

Curbell’s 3D printing filaments are manufactured to tight dimensional tolerances. They are engineered to have consistent processing characteristics when run through 3D printing machinery. Filaments are available in 1.75 mm, 2.85 mm, and 2.88 mm diameters in a number of different colors. Each type of filament has certain advantages and limitations.

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Formulations vary by manufacturer, brand, and grade. Ask your Curbell Plastics representative for more specific information about an individual option or brand.

BASIC 3D PRINTING FILAMENT OPTIONS FOR LIGHT DUTY APPLICATIONS

ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)– ABS is a low cost, durable material with exceptional toughness and impact strength. ABS is easy to paint and it is easy to assemble with adhesives and solvent cements. The surfaces of 3D printed ABS parts can be “smoothed” by exposing them to certain solvents. ABS has exceptional 3D printing characteristics and it is easy to process through many types of 3D printing machinery.

ASA (Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate)– ASA is different from many other polymers in that it has exceptional UV stability. It is often specified for models and prototypes that are intended for outdoor use.

HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene)– HIPS is a durable polymer material that is often used to create dissolvable support structures during 3D printing. In this application HIPS serves as a three dimensional support for other 3D printed materials. After the part is manufactured, the HIPS supports are dissolved using a solvent (typically Limonene) that does not attack the polymer that was used to print the finished part.

PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate, Glycol-Modified)– PETG is a transparent polymer with outstanding 3D printing characteristics. It is often used for applications where fine detail, dimensional accuracy, and outstanding layer adhesion are required. Although PETG is naturally transparent, 3D printed PETG parts will not appear transparent since visible light will be diffracted and diffused at the interface between printed segments.

PLA (Polylactic Acid)– PLA is a low cost material with exceptional strength and stiffness. It is among the easiest materials to process on 3D machinery. PLA is preferred by many users because it tends to have a milder smell during 3D printing compared with many other types of plastic filaments. PLA is somewhat brittle so it should not be used for applications where parts may be subjected to impact. PLA is generally used for room temperature applications. It should not be used for applications where parts are exposed to elevated temperatures.

TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane)– Thermoplastic polyurethane is a tough, elastic material that is used when 3D printed parts need to be flexible and durable. TPU parts are used for a wide range of applications such as prototype cell phone cases and footwear when some degree of flexibility is required.

Typical Properties of BASIC 3D printing filament

	TEST METHOD	UNITS	ABS	PLA	ASA	PETG	HIPS	TPU
Manufacturing Process for Test Specimens:*			FDM 3D Printing (Injection Molding)	FDM 3D Printing (Injection Molding)	FDM 3D Printing (Injection Molding)	FDM 3D Printing	(Injection Molding)	(Injection Molding)
Tensile strength at yield	ASTM D638 (unless otherwise noted)	psi	2,891 (6,520)	2,958 (8,700)	2,291 (7,110)	2,455	(4,400)	(8,010) per DIN 53504
Tensile elongation	ASTM D638 (unless otherwise noted)	%	7.7 (10.0)	7.3 (6.0)	8.3 (20)	9.2	(45)	(580) per DIN 53504
Tensile modulus	ASTM D638 (unless otherwise noted)	kpsi	116.4 (334)	143 (524)	117 (314)	116		(1.13) per DIN 53504
Notched izod impact	ASTM D256	ft-lb/in	(5.6)	(0.3)	(2.4)		(2)	- - -
Hardness, Shore A	DIN 53505	- - -						(90)

typical characteristics of BASIC 3d printing filament

	Units	ABS	PLA	ASA	PETG	HIPS	TPU
Extruder temperature	°C	220 – 240	190 – 230	240 –250	230 – 250	220 – 235	220 – 240
Printing speed	mm/ second	50 – 90	50 – 90+	50 – 90	50 – 80	50 – 90	15 – 30
Bed temperature	°C	100 – 130	60 – 70	90 – 130	80 – 100	80 – 100	23 – 40
Bed adhesion		Hairspray or ABS glue	Blue painters tape	Hairspray or ABS glue	Hairspray or painters tape	Hairspray or ABS glue	None required
Regulatory compliance		• RoHS • REACH • Toy Safe	• RoHS • REACH • California    Prop 65	• RoHS • REACH	• RoHS • REACH • California    Prop 65	• RoHS • REACH	• RoHS • REACH • Toy Safe

The property charts above show typical properties for each polymer that Curbell offers as a basic FDM 3D printing filament.

*Mechanical property values not in parentheses were generated using test specimens manufactured via FDM printing. Mechanical property values in parentheses were generated using test specimens manufactured via injection molding.

It is important to note that the actual property values for an FDM 3D printed plastic part may vary significantly depending on the machine settings and the direction (X, Y, or Z axis) in which the test specimen is manufactured.

 

ENGINEERING GRADE 3D PRINTING FILAMENT OPTIONS FOR DEMANDING APPLICATIONS

Nylon Filaments

Nylons are durable, chemically resistant thermoplastic filament materials that have outstanding wear resistance. Nylons are suitable for medium temperature applications where good mechanical properties are required.

Novamid® ID 1030– is an unreinforced nylon 6/66 filament that has a good balance of strength, stiffness and ductility. It is easy to print and it has excellent interlayer strength.

Novamid® AM 1030 FR (F) is a non-halogenated, flame retardant nylon 6/66. The material is UL 94 V-0 rated at 1.6 mm and 3.2 mm wall thicknesses and UL 94 V-2 rated at 0.85mm wall thickness (tested on an Ultimaker® S5 printer). Novamid® AM 1030 FR (F) is an economical alternative to other flame retardant printing filaments. It is an ideal material for electrical applications where flame retardant properties and mechanical strength are required.

Novamid® ID 1070– is an unreinforced nylon 6 filament. Nylon 6 is stronger, stiffer, and has higher temperature capability than nylon 6/66.

Novamid® ID 1030-CF10– is a 10% carbon reinforced nylon 6/66 filament that has twice the strength and three times the stiffness of unreinforced nylons. It is often used to replace metals in applications that require outstanding mechanical properties and dimensional stability.

PET Filament

PET has extremely low moisture absorption and PET plastics are known for outstanding dimensional stability.

Arnite® ID 3040– is a PET filament with a good balance of strength, stiffness, and ductility. Arnite® ID 3040 also has good resistance to weathering.

Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomer Filaments

Arnitel® thermoplastic copolyester elastomer filaments allow for the 3D printing of parts with rubber-like mechanical properties.

Arnitel® ID 2045– is suitable for certain medical applications since it passes ISO irritation, ISO cytotoxicity, and USP class VI testing. Arnitel® ID 2045 is softer than Arnitel® ID 2060-HT.

Arnitel® ID 2060-HT– is harder and stronger and has a higher melting temperature than Arnitel® ID 2045.

Arnite®, Arnitel®, and Novamid® are trademarks of DSM. All information supplied by or on behalf of DSM in relation to its products, whether in the nature of data, recommendations or otherwise, is supported by research and, in good faith, believed reliable, but DSM assumes no liability and makes no warranties of any kind, express or implied, including, but not limited to, those of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement or any warranty arising from a course of dealing, usage, or trade practice whatsoever in respect of application, processing or use made of the aforementioned information, or product. The user assumes all responsibility for the use of all information provided and shall verify quality and other properties or any consequences from the use of all such information.

Typical values are indicative only and are not to be construed as being binding specifications.

Visit our Technical Resources for typical properties and additional data sheets.

 

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